In brief The Department of Justice (DOJ) issued a series of Circulars that modify criminal procedure in the Philippines, by introducing the “reasonable certainty of conviction” standard when pursuing criminal cases, and implementing procedures that ensure proactive involvement by prosecutors during case build-up. In more detail Through a series of Department Circulars (DC) — DC Nos. 008, 008-A, 016, and 020 series of 2023 — the DOJ made important changes to the process involved in instituting criminal cases in the…